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What ARIA attributes do
Kitty explains the difference between disabled and aria-disabled:
[disabled and the aria-disabled attribute] are both meaningful attributes with their own pros and cons
(From: On disabled and aria-disabled attributes | Kitty Giraudel)
There's a lesson in here that applies more generally: ARIA attributes always merely set ‘accessibility semantics’, they don't have side effects like affecting discoverability. It also means when you use them and want behaviours associated with the attributes, you need to add those yourself. So if you add a button role, it won't behave like a button upon adding that attribute, you need to add click and keyboard handlers (and more) yourself.